What is the biggest barrier to the eradication of tuberculosis in the United States?

The presence of wildlife reservoirs is considered a significant barrier to the eradication of tuberculosis in the United States, particularly when discussing zoonotic forms of tuberculosis, such as those found in certain wildlife species. While human cases of tuberculosis (TB) are primarily linked to human-to-human transmission, some strains can be transmitted from animals to humans. For instance, the bacterium that causes bovine tuberculosis primarily affects cattle, but it can also infect humans, particularly those with close contact with infected animals.

Wildlife reservoirs contribute to the persistence of the disease, making eradication more challenging. These reservoirs can serve as ongoing sources of infection, complicating efforts to eliminate TB among the human population. As long as these animal reservoirs exist, there will always be a risk of transmission to humans. Addressing this issue requires not only public health measures targeting human TB but also efforts in veterinary public health to manage and reduce TB in animal populations, bridging human and animal health (One Health approach).

In contrast, while inadequate medical facilities, lack of public awareness, and insufficient funding for veterinary services can all play roles in the overall fight against tuberculosis, they do not directly address the issue of transmission and persistence through wildlife. Therefore, tackling the challenge posed by wildlife reservoirs is critical for the