What is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis?

The causative agent of bovine tuberculosis is Mycobacterium bovis. This bacterium is part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which includes other species such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent responsible for human tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis primarily affects cattle but can also infect other animals and humans, particularly in situations where there is close contact with infected livestock or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

Understanding the specificity of Mycobacterium bovis is critical in veterinary medicine and public health, especially in monitoring and controlling tuberculosis in cattle populations. The distinction from other mycobacterial species is significant; for example, Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy in humans, while Bacillus anthracis is the agent for anthrax. Recognizing these differences underlines the importance of identifying the correct pathogen in relation to the disease context, which helps in implementing appropriate control measures and treatment strategies.