What is the term for infectious diseases transmitted between animals and humans?

The term that refers to infectious diseases transmitted between animals and humans is "zoonotic." Zoonotic diseases are a significant area of focus in global health because they can emerge when pathogens jump from animal species to humans, often leading to outbreaks or epidemics. This transmission can occur through direct contact with animals, consuming contaminated food or water, or through vectors like mosquitoes.

Understanding zoonoses is pivotal for public health surveillance and response strategies, particularly in the context of increasing interactions between wildlife, livestock, and human populations, as well as the impact of environmental changes. This field of study is crucial for preventing potential global health threats that arise from zoonotic diseases, which have been responsible for notable outbreaks in recent history, such as those caused by SARS-CoV, Ebola, and more recently, COVID-19, which is believed to have zoonotic origins.

Other terms presented are less fitting in this context. "Transboundary" generally refers to health issues or diseases that cross national borders, while "epizootic" pertains to the occurrence of disease in animal populations, particularly livestock and wildlife, without directly implying transmission to humans. "Exotic" typically describes diseases not common or endemic in a specific region, and does not directly relate to the concept of