Which virus is known for causing disease due to mosquito transmission and emerged in the U.S. in 1999?

The West Nile virus is known for causing disease primarily through mosquito transmission and made its first significant appearance in the United States in 1999. It is part of the flavivirus family and is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes. After its introduction in New York, the virus rapidly spread across the continental U.S., causing various levels of disease, including mild symptoms and severe neurological conditions like West Nile encephalitis.

The West Nile virus’s emergence in the U.S. marked a notable point in public health, as it was the first time a mosquito-borne virus had established itself significantly in North America since the early 20th century, raising concerns about mosquito control and monitoring for emerging infectious diseases. This virus continues to be the most common mosquito-borne disease reported in the United States, underscoring its significance in both public health discussions and efforts to manage vector-borne illnesses.

While Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses are also transmitted by mosquitoes and have emerged in various locations, including parts of the U.S. after 1999, they are not associated with the 1999 U.S. outbreak in the same way that West Nile virus is.